Rangs de la Wermarcht
Cette page vise à recenser les grades possibles des membres d’équipages de chars allemands. Tous les grades utilisés par les armées allemandes pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale n’y sont pas. Ne se trouve pas ici, par exemple, le grade de l’officier-cuisinier avec 12 ans d’expérience.
| Insignes | Rang Wermarcht Heer (1941) |
Équivalents anglosaxons à l’époque | Traduction et notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Épaule | Manche | UK | US | ||
| Mannschaften | Enlisted men | Militaires du rang | |||
Schütze Panzerschütze Panzerjäger |
Private | Private | Littéralement « soldat » En octobre 1942, les schützen de l’infanterie furent rebaptisés grenadiere. En juillet 1943, les panzerschützen devinrent des panzergrenadiere. |
||
Oberschütze Oberpanzerschütze Oberpanzerjäger |
Senior private | Private 1st class | Soldat de 1re classe | ||
| Gefreiter | Lance corporal | Acting corporal | Littéralement « appointé ». |
||
| Obergefreiter | Lance corporal | Corporal | |||
| Unteroffiziere ohne Portepee | Junior NCOs | Sous-officiers juniors | |||
| Unteroffizier | Corporal | Sergeant | |||
| Unterfeldwebel | Sergeant | Staff sergeant | Promotion automatique après 3 ans comme unteroffizier | ||
| Unteroffiziere mit Portepee | Senior NCOs | Sous-officiers seniors | |||
| Feldwebel | Staff sergeant | Technical sergeant | Dans la seconde moitié de la Guerre, une promotion automatique pour les commandants de pelotons (zug) avec 4 mois d’expérience de combat. |
||
| Offiziere | Officers | Officiers | |||
| Leutnant | Second lieutenant | Second lieutenant | |||
| Oberleutnant | Lieutenant | First lieutenant | |||
| Hauptmann | Captain | Captain | Littéralement « homme de tête » | ||
| Major | Major | Major | |||
Commandants de chars
The normal rank for a tank commander would be an unteroffizer (lance-sergeant). The rest of the crew would vary in rank from oberschutze (senior private) to obergefreiter (corporal) based on experience. Usually the gunner would be the senior, followed by the driver, radio-operator and loader.
Of course officers and senior NCOs also served as tank commanders, and operational requirements could cause variations. For instance when, in June 1944, SS-Oberscharfuhrer Bobbi Woll’s own Tiger I was damaged in an air raid, he reverted to his former position as gunner for Michael Wittman.
Extrait de: Quora
On German tanks of World War II, the vehicle commander was typically referred to in German as the Panzerkommandant (tank commander) or sometimes as the Panzerfuehrer (tank leader). In a platoon of five Panther tanks, the platoon leader typically would be a Leutnant (lieutenant), with the other four tanks being generally commanded by Feldwebelen or Unteroffizieren (noncommissioned officers).
Extrait de: Panther, Germany’s Quest for Combat Dominance, p. 93
Rangs des membres d’un équipage de char
| HQ Char 1 | Char 1 | Normal | Waffen-SS | Wehrmacht Heer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
SS-Hauptsturmführer | Hauptmann | ||
|
SS-Untersturmführer | Leutnant | ||
|
|
|
SS-Oberscharführer | Feldwebel |
| SS-Scharführer | Unterfeldwebel (de) | |||
| SS-Unterscharführer | Unteroffizier | |||
|
|
|
SS-Rottenführer | Obergefreiter |
| SS-Sturmmann | Gefreiter | |||
| SS-Obergrenadier | Oberschütze (de) | |||
| SS-Schütze | Schütze |
Bibliographie
- ANDREW, Stephen et Gordon Williamson (2003) The Waffen-SS (1) 1. to 5. Divisions. Osprey, 43 p.
- DE LAGARDE, Jean (1995) German Soldiers of World War Two. Histoire & Collections, 128 p.
- GREEN, Michael et Gladys Green (2012) Panther, Germany’s Quest for Combat Dominance. Osprey, 289 p.
- HAYES, Arthur (1997) SS Uniforms, Insignia & Accoutrements: A Study in Photographs. Schiffer, 248 p.
- HORMANN, Jörg M. (1989) Uniforms of the Panzer Troops 1917 to Present. Schiffer, 126 p.
- KRAWCZYK, Wade (1995) German Army Uniforms of World War II in Color Photographs. Motorbooks International, 128 P.
- MOLLO, Andrew (2008) SS Totenkopfverbände 1933-1945. Uniforms of the SS, volume 4. Windrow & Greene, 48 p.
- THOMAS, Nigel (1997) The German Army 1939-45 (1) Blitzkrieg. Osprey, 57 p.
- THOMAS, Nigel (1999) The German Army 1939-45 (3) Eastern Front 1941-43. Osprey, 48 p.
- ROSIGNOLI, Guido (1972) Army Badges and Insignia of World War 2, Book 1. Blandford, 228 p.
Webographie
- MATSUYAMA, Brendan (s.d.) German Medium Tank Company — Panzer IV (1944), battleorder.org
Wikipedia
- Grades de la Wehrmacht, Wikipedia [fr]
- Ranks and insignia of the German Army (1935–1945), Wikipedia [en]